Power BI developers use star schema or snowflake schema to design efficient data models. They establish clear relationships between tables, prioritize one-to-many relationships, and optimize field naming conventions. Power BI developer minimize redundancy by using fact and dimension tables while eliminating unused columns to streamline performance. They also create calculated columns and measures using DAX to derive business-specific insights. To ensure scalability, developers validate the data model through testing and fine-tuning. Proper use of hierarchies, aggregations, and role-based security settings are key methods to enhance functionality and maintain data integrity.